Journal articles

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Algorithmic Warfare: Taking Stock of a Research Programme

By: Ingvild Bode, Hendrik Huelss, Anna Nadibaidze, Guangyu Qiao-Franco and Tom F. A. Watts Published in: Global Society Date: November 2024 Summary This article takes stock of the ongoing debates on algorithmic warfare in the social sciences. It seeks to equip scholars in International Relations and beyond with a critical review of both the empirical […]

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Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Practical Normativity/Normality: Investigating Practices Beyond the Public Space

By: Ingvild Bode and Hendrik Huelss Published in: Open Research Europe Date: March 2024 Summary This essay critically discusses the interplay between artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and norms, focusing on the discipline of International Relations (IR). Here, norms are usually conceptualised as the products of reflection processes where actors debate and decide on “agreeable” standards.

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Emergent Normativity: Communities of Practice, Technology, and Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems

By: Ingvild Bode Published in: Global Studies Quarterly Date: January 2024 Abstract Lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) are the subject of considerable international debate turning around the extent to which humans remain in control over using force. But what is precisely at stake is less clear as stakeholders have different perspectives on the technologies that

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Technologische Herausforderungen: Künstliche Intelligenz, Normativität, Normalität und Praktiken jenseits des öffentlichen Raums

By: Ingvild Bode and Hendrik Huelss Published in: Zeitschrift für International Beziehungen Date: 2023 English abstract The increasing importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in many areas of politically relevant decision-making leads to new questions regarding the role of norms. Existing norm research offers important, diversified concepts, particularly on the emergence, impact and change of norms

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Machine guardians: The Terminator, AI narratives and US regulatory discourse on lethal autonomous weapons systems

By: Tom Watts and Ingvild Bode Published in: Cooperation & Conflict Date: September 2023 Abstract References to the Terminator films are central to Western imaginaries of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). The puzzle of whether references to the Terminator franchise have featured in the United States’ international regulatory discourse on these technologies nevertheless remains underexplored.

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Practice-based and public-deliberative normativity: retaining human control over the use of force

By: Ingvild Bode Published in: European Journal of International Relations Date: April 2023 Summary The debate about lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) characterises them as future problems in need of pre-emptive regulation, for example, through codifying meaningful human control. But autonomous technologies are already part of weapons and have shaped how states think about human

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